Bruno Maderna was an Italian composer and conductor born in Venice in 1920. As a child prodigy, he started playing the violin at an early age and began conducting orchestras in his thirties. Maderna studied composition and conducting in Rome, Siena, and Venice where he learned the twelve-tone technique and the music of the Second Viennese School. He spent much of his career traveling, teaching, and conducting across Europe and the United States. Maderna composed works in all genres including concertos, instrumental, chamber, and electronic music. He was particularly drawn to the oboe and composed three concertos in all. Maderna died of lung cancer in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1973 at the age of 53.