Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643) was an Italian composer, gambist, singer, and Catholic priest. He is known for his contributions to the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music and his pioneering work in early opera—particularly with L'Orfeo—considered by some as the first opera ever. Monteverdi composed at least 18 operas but only a few survived. His works marked a shift in musical style emphasizing clear melodic lines, expressive texts, and individual emotional expression.