Cesare Maccari (1840-1919) was an Italian painter and sculptor known for his notable work Cicero Denounces Catiline. Born in Siena, Maccari studied at the Institute of the Fine Arts and later worked under Luigi Mussini in Florence. He gained recognition for his depictions of historical events including frescoes in the Palazzo Madama and the cupola of the Basilica di Loreto. Maccari's artistic style captured the drama and emotion of his subjects. Although criticized for historical inaccuracies in his famous painting, his work continues to be studied and reproduced in textbooks and the histories of Rome.